High ambient temperatures combined with excessive perspiration and reduced urinary output may predispose individuals to lower urinary tract inflammation. Common presenting symptoms include:
Dark yellow urine
Dysuria (burning sensation during or after urination)
Increased urinary frequency
Suprapubic discomfort
These findings are consistent with lower urinary tract infection (UTI) involving both the bladder and urethra—clinically referred to as cystourethritis.
Clinical Classification
Urethritis: Pain localized to the urethral tract
Cystitis: Suprapubic or lower abdominal pain
These conditions frequently co-exist and are collectively termed cystourethritis.
Acute Cystourethritis: Key Symptoms
Frequency: Voiding every 30–60 minutes, occasionally more often
Urgency: Sudden, compelling need to urinate
Dysuria: Burning pain post-micturition, possibly radiating to the perineum or suprapubic region
Pyuria or microscopic haematuria: Cloudy urine or presence of red blood cells on urinalysis
Systemic signs: Fever is typically absent
Chronic Cystourethritis
Symptoms are less intense
Daytime polyuria and nocturia (3–4 episodes nightly)
History of recurrent acute flares
Urinalysis may reveal proteinuria, haematuria, and pyuria
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Interpretation
In TCM, this condition is classified as Re Lin (熱淋)—a heat-induced urinary disorder attributed to damp-heat accumulation in the lower burner.
TCM symptom profile:
Painful, difficult urination
Burning sensation
Dark yellow, concentrated urine
Frequent and urgent voiding
Herbal Protocol: “Huo Fu Dan” (火府丹)
This formula is designed to:
Clear internal heat
Eliminate dampness
Detoxify
Promote diuresis
It is considered safe for short-term use during acute episodes.
Base Composition
Ingredient
Dosage
Radix Rehmannia (生地黃 Sheng Di Huang)
15g
Akebia quinata Thunb Decne (木通 Mu Tong)
10g
Radix Scutellaria (黃芩 Huang Qin)
6g
Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (金銀花 Jin Yin Hua)
18g
Herba Taraxaci (蒲公英 Pu Gong Ying)
18g
Herba Violae (紫花地丁 Zi Hua Di Ding)
18g
Talcum (滑石 Hua Shi)
12g
Polyporus (豬苓 Zhu Ling)
12g
Herba Plantaginis (車前草 Che Qian Cao)
30g
Formula Modifications
For severe urethral pain: Add Spora Lygodii (海金沙 Hai Jin Sha) – 10g
For pyuria or haematuria: Add Herba Cirsii (小薊 Xiao Ji) – 12g and Rhizoma Imperatae (白茅根 Bai Mao Gen) – 15g
This protocol is also applicable to post-coital cystitis, commonly referred to as “honeymoon cystitis.”
Supportive Lifestyle Measures
Maintain adequate hydration
Consume a light, easily digestible diet
Ensure sufficient rest and recovery
These interventions aid symptom resolution and reduce recurrence risk.
When women reach the ages of 45 to 52, natural cessation of menstruation occurs, which in medicine is called “menopause.”
The onset of menopause leads to physiological changes. Some women, due to constitutional weakness or psychological influences, may not be able to adapt promptly. This imbalance of endocrine function may result in obvious dysfunction of internal organs, known medically as “menopausal syndrome.”
In the early stages, symptoms may include insomnia, dizziness, headache, fatigue, tachycardia or bradycardia, loss of appetite, reduced work capacity, lumbago or joint pain, obesity, excessive sweating, and various vague complaints. As the condition progresses, women may develop prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, suspicion, or hysteria.
These symptoms may involve the neuropsychiatric system, sensory disturbances, vasomotor symptoms, musculoskeletal complaints, digestive system issues, or urinary system problems. All of these arise from endocrine imbalance and hence are categorized as “menopausal syndrome.” Naturally, symptoms vary among individuals due to differences in physical and psychological conditions. Therefore, treatment must be individualized according to syndrome differentiation. Importantly, despite these neurasthenic-like manifestations, there is no substantial organic pathology in the internal organs.
Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) does not have a specific name for this condition, it has long recognized the physiological and pathological states of women during menopause. It is attributed to declining Kidney-Chi, exhaustion of Tian-Gui (reproductive essence), and disharmony of the Chong and Ren meridians. Based on syndrome differentiation, many treatment principles have been established, summarized as “nourishing the heart, replenishing yin, calming the spirit, and subduing hyperactivity.”
Following these principles, the author has formulated the prescription “Geng-Nian-Kang Decoction” for treatment:
Radix Scrophulariae (Xuan Shen) – 10 g
Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Dan Shen) – 10 g
Radix Codonopsis (Dang Shen) – 10 g
Radix Ophiopogonis (Mai Dong) – 5 g
Radix Asparagi (Tian Dong) – 5 g
Rehmanniae Radix, raw and prepared (Sheng Di, Shu Di) – 20 g each
Semen Platycladi (Bai Zi Ren) – 10 g
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (Suan Zao Ren) – 10 g
Radix Polygalae (Yuan Zhi) – 5 g
Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Dang Gui) – 3 g
Poria (Fu Ling) – 10 g
Fructus Tritici Levis (Fu Xiao Mai) – 10 g
Radix Paeoniae Alba (Bai Shao) – 10 g
Radix Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo) – 6 g
Os Draconis (Long Gu) – 15 g
Concha Ostreae (Mu Li) – 15 g
Fructus Schisandrae (Wu Wei Zi) – 5 g
Radix Platycodi (Jie Geng) – 5 g
The herbs are decocted in water for oral administration. A course consists of 16 doses.
This formula has shown favourable therapeutic effects in menopausal women presenting with emotional depression, irritability, palpitations, insomnia, low-grade fever, decreased body fluids, suspicion, excessive worrying, musculoskeletal aches resembling “flu-like” symptoms, dizziness, and headaches.
“A Year Long Like Spring in All Seasons”
「一年長作四時春」
“This flower alone blooms without end — all year round, it turns the seasons into spring.”
This faithful flower blooms with grace, Springtime lingers in its place《惟有此花開不厭，一年長作四時春。》— This is high praise for the chief herb in the Chinese medicinal formula 《勝春湯》(Spring-Surpassing Decoction): 月季花 Rosa chinensis (Chinese rose).
Chinese rose (月季) is also known as “Eternal Spring”「四時春」、 “Surpassing Spring”「勝春」、“Crimson Rivalling the Snow”「斗雪紅」、“Delicate Companion”「瘦客」. Its flowers come in shades of deep red and light red, truly a feast for the eyes, graceful in fragrance and colour, pleasing in both scent and taste.
The petals of Chinese rose (月季) are sweet and aromatic. Pharmacologically, they regulate qi, activate blood, regulate menstruation, dispel stasis, reduce swelling, and relieve pain. Among edible petals, it is one of the best for consumption. Even putting aside its processed forms, take the painted depiction of “Eternal Spring”「四時春」, for example: Lingnan painters often used it as a subject in their artworks. In spring’s faint, yearning embrace,
Grief lingers in the evening rain. “無力春懷裡，多愁暮雨中” — I’ve seen many paintings centered on Chinese rose (月季), with lush blossoms and verdant leaves, swaying gracefully. Who would have known it’s also a low-cost Chinese medicinal herb?
In clinical practice, the formula Spring-Surpassing Decoction《勝春湯》 is used to treat women’s amenorrhea or scanty, pale-colored menstrual flow with lower abdominal pain, accompanied by low spirits and constipation. If a woman experiences such symptoms during her period, consider this prescription:
月季花 (Chinese rose flower) 5g
當歸 (Angelica sinensis) 10g
丹參 (Salvia miltiorrhiza) 10g
白芍 (White peony root) 10g
Appropriate amount of 紅糖 (brown sugar)
Decoction in water for oral administration
This remedy is fragrant and sweet, unlike typical medicine. Taken a few doses before each period, and boiled together with one egg, it is indeed a wonderful formula for regulating menstruation, qi, and activating blood.
Chinese rose flower月季花 can also be cooked with 蜜糖 (honey) and 紅棗 (red dates), in a remedy called 「勝紅湯」Winning Red Decoction, which treats low-grade fever during menstruation and has a delicious flavor. Adding a few petals of 月季花 into a health tea not only promotes blood circulation and nourishes the complexion, but also keeps youthfulness long-lasting. Calling it 「一年長作四時春」 (a year long like spring in all seasons) is truly no exaggeration!
In recent years, many young people have neglected proper eye care, resulting in a rising incidence of myopia that often requires corrective eyewear. What begins as pseudomyopia may eventually progress to true myopia if left unaddressed.
Myopia, like hyperopia, stems from refractive errors within the eye. When the eyeball’s axial length is excessively long, parallel light rays entering the eye focus in front of the retina, producing a blurred image. This condition, known as myopia, requires appropriately prescribed corrective lenses for clear vision.
However, in many youths, prolonged visual strain can cause eye fatigue, leading to pseudomyopia—a condition triggered by spasms of the ciliary muscles. This form of temporary myopia can often be reversed with proper eye exercises and adequate rest. When combined with the traditional Chinese herbal formula 「弱視扶正湯」 (Amblyopia Correction Decoction), the therapeutic effect is further enhanced.
Herbal Formula – Amblyopia Correction Decoction:
Lycium fruit (杞子), Dodder seed (菟絲子), Schisandra fruit (五味子), Raspberry (覆盆子), Plantain seed (車前子) – 12g each
Raw Rehmannia root (生地), Prepared Rehmannia root (熟地) – 15g each
Polygala root (遠志), Calamus root (石菖蒲) – 5g each
Anemarrhena rhizome (知母), Phellodendron bark (黃柏) – 6g each (both stir-fried with salt water)
Chinese almond kernel (蕤仁肉), Codonopsis root (黨參), Abalone shell (石決明), Dense-flowered cymbidium (密蒙花) – 10g each
Asarum (細辛) – 1.5g
Decoct the herbs with water and take one dose per week. For cases of declining or blurred vision, nine consecutive doses are recommended. For pseudomyopia, a full course consists of nine doses, which typically yields corrective results.
The Amblyopia Correction Decoction is a modified combination of two classical formulas in traditional Chinese medicine: 「五子衍螽湯」 (Five Seeds Procreation Decoction) and 「知柏決明丸」 (Anemarrhena-Phellodendron-Cassia Pill). It is particularly effective for pseudomyopia caused by ciliary muscle spasm. Even individuals with normal vision may develop pseudomyopia due to prolonged or improper visual use. Without proper care, this can result in axial elongation of the eye, eventually leading to true myopia.
This formula may provide therapeutic benefit in cases of progressive myopia. For mild myopia, it serves to nourish the eyes and enhance visual function. It may also help alleviate symptoms of presbyopia and general visual blurriness.
In spring, when Yang energy rises and growth is abundant, paediatric infectious diseases characterized by exuberance of water and dampness—such as varicella (chickenpox)—become more prevalent.
Varicella is a highly contagious viral illness, primarily transmitted via airborne droplets, but also through direct contact with contaminated clothing or utensils bearing vesicular fluid. Infected children typically experience an acute onset with fever, malaise, reduced appetite, and sometimes upper respiratory symptoms. On the second day of illness, a characteristic rash develops, progressing rapidly from erythematous macules to papules, and then to vesicles and crusts, appearing in successive crops. The vesicles are often oval, variable in size, and surrounded by erythematous halos. Initially, the fluid is clear, later becoming cloudy. In the absence of bacterial superinfection, pustule formation is uncommon. Since lesions do not invade the dermal layer, healing generally occurs without scarring. Pruritus is common at rash onset. With more extensive rash, fever may increase. The entire course typically lasts 4 to 6 days, with a favorable prognosis and the development of lifelong immunity.
Chinese Medicine Etiology and Pathogenesis
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), varicella is attributed to invasion of externally-contracted epidemic toxin (時行邪毒) in a child with delicate constitution. The pathogen enters via the mouth and nose, accumulating in the lung and spleen systems. The lung governs the skin and exterior, and when its dispersing and descending functions are impaired by pathogenic invasion, symptoms like fever, cough, nasal discharge occur. The spleen governs the muscles, and when toxin combines with internal dampness, it manifests as skin eruptions on the head, face, trunk, and limbs.TCM classifies varicella as a mild pattern of wind-heat with externally contracted toxin, and considers that clearing and venting the pathogen suffices. Clinical observation shows that in most uncomplicated pediatric cases, the disease is self-limiting. Thus, treatment is differentiated into:
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